> Minimize congestion and thus emissions generated by trucks (due to reduced fuel consumption and travel times) as a result of better truck scheduling.

> Improve truck scheduling which will in turn minimize congestion and thus emissions generated by trucks.

> Optimizations could result in the loss of jobs as a result of redundant transport personnel or routes.

> Potential increase in e waste due to the increased use in technology and indirect contamination.

External risk: > lags in infrastructure development could lead to difficulties in the implementation and thus impact generation of technological solutions.

Execution risk: > more efficient road management can incentivize new truck acquisition leading to further congestion. > current owners of older technology fleet might strike and lobby with the government to stop modernization

This initiative intends to improve sanitary conditions and provide a wider access to drinking clean water.

(National Development Plan): Strengthen cargo and passenger transport, improve safety and infromation quality for decision-making. Modernize public transport systems, with better technologies, greater accessibility for the population with disabilities and fares available to everyone.(16)

(Strategic transport plan): tool for planning that establishes the guidelines to guide the development of the sector and constitutes a fundamental instrument to formulate, evaluate, review and analyse policies, plans and projects aimed at the Colombian transport sector (17).

(Cargo trucks modernization program): It is a public policy framed in the principle of Entrepreneurship that raises a series of comprehensive benefits for cargo transporters, that will allow the renewal of the vehicle fleet in this sector (18).

Bancoldex and the Colombian transport minister launched a credit line for the road and river transport sector of COP 95,000 million to cover working capital needs (22)

COVID-19 sector benefits: the government is providing VAT exemptions as a result of the crisis for certain imports of vehicles (23)

Banks like Banco de Occidente and BBVA have special credits for the transport sector.

(Decree 047 of 2020): a measure to improve air quality by restricting the hours and delimiting the areas through which cargo trucks can circulate due to their environmental impact.(19)

(Decree 173 of 2001): regulate the authorization of the Public Land Automotive Cargo Transport companies and the provision by them of an efficient, safe, timely and economical service (20).

(Law 105 of 1993): By which basic provisions on transportation are issued, competencies and resources are redistributed between the Nation and Territorial Entities, planning in the transportation sector is regulated, and other provisions are issued. (21)

Trucking and logistics services Colombian start-up Liftit has raised $22.5 million in a Series B that comes on top of Liftit’s $14.3 million Series A from some of the region’s top investors.(24)

Smart city is a monitoring system led by ‘Bogotá Inteligente’ for pollutant emissions in cargo vehicles that will provide useful information for companies (26). SICE-TAC a tool with which the Ministry of Transportation seeks to guarantee the payment of fair rates, monitor the industry and modernize the operation of cargo transportation. (25) Plan Nacional de Agrologística: Guidelines to achieve a comprehensive collection and distribution logistics consistent with product the life cycles. (27)

Colombia will improve cargo transport and logistics policies and strategies with IBDA support. The OECD and Fedesarrollo are also partnering with the government for the formalization of the sector (28).